TUTORIAL

WHAT IS NAIL? STRUCTURE AND BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THIS NAIL

The raft foundation is an important part in the construction of high-rise buildings with high load-bearing structures, so what is the raft foundation actually? How is it structured? We need to note when constructing raft foundation? All of this will be answered by MOIVAONHATOI in the article below.

WHAT IS NAIL?

Foundations or foundations are understood as construction engineering structures located at the bottom of a construction work such as buildings, bridges, dams, etc., in order to assume the function of load load of works on the ground, helping works withstand the pressure of the above material blocks, ensure safety for the project. Construction foundations have many types of foundations, each type of foundation will suit each type of construction such as single footings, raft foundations, foundation foundations, pile foundations.

What is raft foundation

The raft foundation is also known as the comprehensive foundation. This is a shallow foundation, used mainly on soft ground, weak ground resistance, without water or due to the structure requirements below the basement, storage or toilet tank, storage tank or pool. This type of foundation is often used in high-rise buildings with high strength structures.

This is a safe foundation, which is widely used because it is a safe and highly effective method of evenly distributing weight, avoiding subsidence. Should consolidate the ground with piles from bamboo or bamboo to ensure the ground is stable first.

WHAT IS THE STRUCTURE OF NAIL?

The raft foundation consists of a thin layer of concrete lining, the spread of the foundation under the whole construction, foundation beams.

A basic raft must have all of the following elements according to technical standards of construction industry:

  • The concrete floor layer must be 10cm thick.
  • Standard foundation height is: 3200mm.
  • Standard beam size: 300 × 700 (mm).
  • Standard base plate steel: 2 grades of Φ12a200 steel.
  • Standard foundation beam steel: vertical steel 6Φ (20-22), steel belt Φ8a150.
raft types

PLATE

Usually the thickness of the selected plate e = (1/6) l with the distance between the columns l <9m and the load is about 1,000 tons / column.

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DREAM

Use when required for high flexural strength. For non-large constructions, the arch can be constructed of brick and concrete bricks with e = (0.032 l + 0.03) m and deflection of the arch f = 1 / 7l ~ 1/10.

ROOF TYPE

The thickness of the selected plate e = (1/8) l ~ (1/10) with the distance between the columns is l> 9m. Form structure in 2 ways:

  • The lower rib has a trapezoidal profile (increased slip resistance).
  • Ribs are on the plate.

TYPE OF BOX

Box-type raft foundations are capable of evenly distributing to the ground the forces focusing on it, normally will be applied to 2-storey houses, coa-storey buildings with unevenly bearing frame structure. settlement subsidence). Box type will have the greatest hardness but light weight. For this part, it is necessary to use a lot of shrimps and build quite complicated.

WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF NAIL?

Any type of construction foundation has its own advantages and disadvantages, once you have mastered these things, it will help you easily choose the type of foundation needed for construction. Here are the pros and cons of the raft foundation:

constructing raft foundations

ADVANTAGES:

  • The raft foundation is the best solution for buildings with basements, warehouses or toilets, tanks or swimming pools.
  • Suitable for small projects such as level 4 houses, houses with 1-3 floors because of low cost, fast construction time.
  • It is best to build in areas with low construction density, less 2-way impact when near adjacent buildings.

DEFECT:

  • It is easy to unevenly subsidence, misalignment due to the underlying geological layer which can be changed at drilling positions; When subsidence has occurred, the structure cannot be returned to its original shape, a crack will appear, reducing the life of the project.
  • Not all geology and topography apply.
  • The depth of the foundation is shallow, so there may be some problems such as stability due to impacts of groundwater drainage, earthquake.

HOW IS THE NAIL CONSTRUCTION PROCESS?

PREPARATION PHASE

Need to prepare in detail and complete, the more carefully prepared, the more effective the construction will be. At this stage, the teacher needs to prepare for such tasks as:

  • Construction unit.
  • Preparing the ground:

+ Clearance.

+ Leveling up.

  • Preparing materials, machinery and equipment during construction

TRAVEL NAIL

This job determines the construction area according to the construction drawing. On the area of construction land that has been solutioned and leveled, the contractor should carry out the work of digging the foundation pit. The foundation pit is excavated on the entire land area prescribed by the drawing.

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constructing raft foundations

EXTRACTING FOAM NAILS

Note that concrete needs to be mixed in accordance with the quality standards of each component as well as conducted in accordance with the rules of mixing and the quality of concrete to ensure the quality of works.

With raft foundation, concrete is poured in layers, each layer of concrete is about 20-30cm thick. In order to ensure the connection between the layers of concrete together, the upper layer must overlap the lower layer to start to set.

NAIL TESTING AND MAINTENANCE

Nails need to be cured after concreting by the weather and the environment may affect the foundation structure. Nails should be kept moist, watered to ensure the standard moisture until the concrete is firm and old enough to form the most stable and stable products.

WHAT ARE NOTES WHEN CONSTRUCTION OF NAILS?

Notes on the construction of raft foundation
  • Need to adjust the appropriate settlement because if the settlement is uneven, it is easy for the thickness of raft foundation to change, affecting the structure.
  • The pile has an important role as the load-carrying object to the ground under the pile foot through the nose resistance and into the ground around the pile through the lateral resistance. Can be arranged in a way or layout that adjusts irregular subsidence, reducing the pressure on the bottom of the raft or reducing internal force of raft.

Through the information above, you probably understand what raft foundation is, as well as understand its importance in housing construction. Hopefully you can apply the above knowledge to supervise, and evaluate the quality of, the construction work of the construction contractors for your housing.

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