Mái ngói vốn là phần che chở cho ngôi nhà, là một bộ phận không thể thiếu, vậy quy trình lợp mái ngói như thế nào? Khi lợp mái ngói ta cần phải lưu ý những gì? Với những kinh nghiệm của mình, MOIVAONHATOI xin giới thiệu cho bạn quy trình lợp mái ngói chuẩn nhất hiện nay (bản cập nhật năm 2020).

ROOF STRUCTURE

Before entering the roofing process, we must have a good understanding of the structure of the tile roof to ensure that when roofing tiles, we have all the necessary parts. The structure of the tile roof includes:

• Hoanh is: main beams supporting the roof horizontally along the length of the house, perpendicular to the house frame
• Rui is: intermediate auxiliary beams, placed along the roof slope (orthogonal to the diaphragm), overlapping the horizontal system.
• Sesame is: small auxiliary beams, placed orthogonal to the dui, parallel to the diaphragm, overlapping the dui system. the distance between the battens is the smallest, just enough for roofing. The use of diaphragm - dui - sesame structure system is to divide the span of the supporting structure into a mesh system just enough to pave the crest brick layer and roof the tiles above.

THE BEST ROOF TILES USED TODAY

Another step before entering the roofing process is to have a clear understanding of the type of tile you want to use for your house. Currently on the market there are two popular types of tiles: terracotta tiles, and colored tiles

LAND TILES

Ngói đất nung hay còn gọi là ngói nung, ngói đất sét, ngói đất sét nung,… Đây là loại vật liệu truyền thống được sử dụng rất phổ biến trong nhiều mẫu nhà ở nông thôn.

TILES OF COLOR

Ngói màu được sử dụng thường xuyên hiện nay. Giống như tên gọi, loại ngói này có rất nhiều màu sắc đa dạng có thể lựa chọn.

ROOFING PROCESS

The roofing process generally consists of the following 6 main steps:

STEP 1: Pay attention to the speed of the roof

Paying attention to the roof thickness is an important step in the roofing process. Accordingly, this first step includes the following specifications:

• The roof slope is 30 degrees, which means that for every 1m measured horizontally, the rafter must be raised to 0.57m
• The 30 degree slope allows for the maximum downstream of the tile roof to be 10m.
• The 45 degree slope is from 10m to 15m down the tiled roof.
• Slopes above 45 to 60 degrees have unlimited downward tiled roof.
• Measure the length "L" from the first row of arms to the row of arms at the roof, take the length "L" by 280 to 300 to calculate the number of attacks. (R <= 320).
• The height of the top of the swing, should ultimately be 25 higher than the top of the swing.
• The distance between two cups (center connection) is uniform, ranging from 340 to 360mm. This distance must be uniform throughout the entire tile roof truss frame, ensuring that the cups are designed and installed in parallel. Divide the bowl from the top of the split roof.
• Note: Length “L” depends on slope and roof length. The two arms on the roof keep a distance of 4-6cm. Order the first arm by taking the distance from the heart of the final two L arm from 28-32cm (depending on the length and slope that we arrange).
• Lợp đầy đủ một hàng dưới làm chuẩn, sau đó tiếp tục lợp lên. Lợp ngói theo cách thức phân thức phân khúc từ dưới lên. Cứ 10 viên gói đặt 1 dây dọi từ nóc đến phía dưới đẩ đảm bảo chúng thẳng hàng. Lợp từ phải qua trái, viên ngói đầu tiên phải đặt ở góc bên phải cách mép ngồi của kèo là 3cm. Đóng đinh cho mỗi viên ngói ở hàng đầu vào đòn tay bằng đinh 5cm cho đòn tay gỗ hoặc ốc vít 5cm cho đòn tay bằng kim loại .
• Tiling tiles turn from right to left, from bottom to top.

STEP 2: ATTENTION ON TILE INSTALLATION SPACE

In the roofing process, the distance of the roofing is very important that you need to keep in mind:

• For the current corrugated tiles, the tiles should not be too tight according to the existing circuit because when roofing, the roof temperature increases, causing expansion phenomenon. When it expands because of heat, the tiles will be stretched to the left and right. At the same time, the position between the tiles will be shifted (channeled) up from the original roofing position, which will easily cause tile breakage. Therefore, the first note is to roof tiles with the right distance.
• The spacing is adequate for current large or small wave tiles ranging from 0.7 to 1.2mm. The necessary operation of the worker when roofing tiles is to "shake lightly" when placing each tile on the sesame. When gently shaken before placing, the tiles will be placed in a tight enough distance but not too tight, with enough space for the tile to expand heat. You will wonder how shaking is considered sufficient for roof tiles, which will depend quite a lot on the experience and skill of the roofer.

STEP 3: CAUTION MOVING ON THE ROOF AVOID TILES, DRAWINGS

Khi thực hiện các bước trong quy trình lợp mái ngói, những người thợ phải thường xuyên di chuyển trên mái nên tình trạng bể hay vỡ mái ngói có thể xảy ra bất cứ lúc ào. Vì thế chúng tôi đã để riêng bước 3 để hướng dẫn bạn tránh khỏi sơ xuất này:

• Khi bước trên mái ngói, nhiều người thường không để ý đến vị trí bước, điều này vừa gây nguy hiểm trong quá trình construction , đồng thời dễ gây ra hiện tượng vỡ ngói. Khi bước trên mái ngói cần phải bước lên vị trí mũi ngói, tránh việc bước lên vào các gờ chống mí nơi 2 viên ngói tiếp giáp nhau.

STEP 4: HOW TO INSTALL THE TILE

• In the roofing process, the last tile at the end is roofed first, when attaching the last tile, pay attention that it covers all the length of the main tile in the first row. It is recommended to drill the nail holes in the tile body at the end of the edge before mounting the screws. All edge tiles must be screwed securely to the battens through the nail hole position on the tile body. When roofing tiles, you must ensure that the edge tiles cover the entire roof edge, the big end of the top edge tile overlaps the small end of the lower edge tile.

• At the intersection of the edge of the tile and the roof of the tile, use the last tile so that the 2 edge tiles are as close together as possible. Pay special attention in the way of roofing the roof tile for the edge tile, should not use mortar to attach the edge tile because the mortar will easily dry when it hardens. It is also difficult to clean the tiled roof after finishing, which requires additional labor.

STEP 5: INSTALLATION OF ROOF, TILE AND END TILE

• Put the tiles at the end of the roof or the roof before going to the roofing process. The roof tile will be roofed next. The roof tiles, the roof ends and the end of the roof are linked by coarse plastic mortar at the foot of the tile border. When the mortar is hard enough, remove the excess mortar from the steel and smooth it.

STEP 6: CLEANING AND COMPLETING THE ROOF

• And the last step that is indispensable in the process of roofing tile is to clean the grout sticking on the tile surface. In addition, you can use paint to protect the tile and increase the gloss of the roof tile.

Above are the basic steps and notes in the process of roofing mais tile. Hope you have a firm grasp of this knowledge to supervise workers when constructing roofing tiles.